Reports
Report on 1st Workshop with Stakeholders
Brussels, March 18 19, 20021. Objective of Workshop
Within CALM, the 2002 version of the "Noise Policy - Research Priorities" paper of the Working Group Research ("Strategy Paper 2002") has to established. Taking into account the future EU noise policy and the related EC directives, the Strategy Paper shall define the research requirements for the next two decades in the fields of noise emission (with special focus on noise arising from road traffic, railway transports, aircrafts and outdoor machinery), noise propagation and noise immission, particularly in urban areas.
The basis for the definition of the future research requirements shall be a vision for the year 2020 or beyond about the reduction of environmental noise. Starting from such a vision, the corresponding requirements for noise control at source and abatement measures have to be defined as essential input into the Strategy Paper.
Therefore, it is the main goal of the workshop to point out the related noise reduction potentials and the required technologies in the field of noise emission and to assess and rank them by a proper rating. It is also a main goal of the workshop to achieve these inputs well balanced within all relevant groups and stakeholders. These findings will lead to the definition of the future mid- and long-term research needs.
2. Agenda
The workshop comprised three halfdays:
1st
halfdayPLENUM: Introduction, Presentations
2nd
halfdaySplit into Groups (per Group: Chairperson & Rapporteur) Railway Road Transport Outdoor Equipment Aeronautics
3rd
halfdayPLENUM: Summaries, Final Discussions At the first halfday a plenary session was hold containing a workshop introduction, presentations about the proposed directive on environmental noise, about noise abatement and cost & benefit analysis as well as presentations about the current status and future aspects of rail, road, aeronautics and outdoor machinery noise.
On the second halfday, four groups worked out the noise reduction potentials in the fields of rail, road, outdoor machinery and aeronautics as defined above in the goal of workshop.
On the third halfday, the findings of each group were presented in the plenary session followed by a final discussion.
The detail agenda is shown in Attachment 1.
3. Participants
The list of participants is given in Attachment 2.
4. Presentations of Plenary Session
The presentations were included in the workshop proceedings which were available at the workshop.
5. Results of the Working Groups
5.1 Working Group "Railway Noise"
The results of the group "railway noise" are summarised in Attachment 3.
The following visions of noise reduction were discussed:
- UIC/UNIFE/UIP joint railway strategy with doubling of passenger traffic and tripling of freight traffic: 3 5 dBA noise reduction required
- In future, railways shall meet the noise reduction targets by measures at the source (without future need of noise barriers)
- First priority has freight traffic:
- short term noise reduction is 10 dBA
- long term noise reduction is additionally 5 10 dBA
The main noise sources are:
- Rolling noise arising from roughness of wheels and rail
- in addition: curve squeal, brake screech, engine noise of diesel locomotives, aerodynamic noise of high speed trains
Therefore, essential noise reduction potentials are expected with:
- Controlling the growth of roughness of wheels and rails
- Retrofitting of existing cast iron braking blocks
- Implementation of formerly done research
- International acceptance of solutions
The research requirements are:
- L or LL braking blocks for retrofitting
- Increase of knowledge on existing roughness and maintenance
- New materials for wheels for lower noise, lower cost and lower wear
- Better understanding of interaction of different parameters of curve squeal and brake screech (analyse different sites and conditions where squeal occurs)
- Models for prediction of aerodynamic noise
- Improvement of track design in terms of noise reduction (by calculation models, acoustic behaviour of components, rail shape, embedded rail)
5.2 Working Group "Road Transport Noise"
The following items were identified as main noise sources:
- Rolling noise at mid and high vehicle speeds
- Propulsion noise (acceleration of trucks, powered two-wheelers "PTWs")
- Exhaust noise (trucks, PTWs)
From a brain storming on noise reduction possibilities, the essential noise reduction potentials can be summarized as follows see Attachment 4.
- tyre-road noise (HIGH potential)
- road surface (maintenance of quiet road surfaces? noise as quality criterion for roads? regulation for road surfaces?)
- tyre (geometry? material? deeper understanding of tyre-road interaction?)
- propulsion noise (HIGH potential)
- engine (especially under acceleration)
- transmission (trucks!)
- encapsulation (incl. thermal management)
- intake and exhaust system (improved passive methods? active control of orifice noise?)
- alternative powertrains (e.g. for special applications and services within urban areas)
- noise from vehicle body and vehicle system (partly HIGH potential)
- acoustic shielding (particularly for trucks)
- braking system incl. engine brake (trucks!)
- aerodynamic noise
- traffic flow (partly HIGH potential)
- improved methods for traffic flow management
- driving behaviour (electronic support of quiet driving; information, training, recommendations, ...)
- regulations (HIGH potential)
- improved effectiveness (test methods; conformity of after sale market products)
- road surface
- incentives for use of quiet products
Related to these areas of noise reduction potentials, new technologies were considered as required for the following subjects:
- tyre/road:
- production of high quality road surfaces (e.g. prefabricated elements)
- cleaning of quiet surfaces
- better understanding of tyre-road interaction (simulation tools with increased accuracy; development of flat track test benches)
- propulsion:
- new approaches for intake/exhaust orifice noise reduction (active and passive methods)
- materials with higher damping for powertrain structures
- modelling of alternative (hybrid) powertrain systems
- vehicle:
- improved thermal management and new materials for acoustic shielding
- active structure control systems against vehicle body vibration
- methods:
- further refinement of modelling for traffic flow management (e.g. based on ROTRANOMO)
- for characterisation and modelling of noise sources (such as engine, tyre/road contact, vehicle, exhaust shell), improvement of accuracy and validation (new simulation approaches?)
5.3 Working Group "Outdoor Equipment"
Essential topics for further noise reduction (Attachment 5):
- Collection of noise data for each type of equipment for better handling of limits (establish noise relevant parameters for each type of equipment)
- Review and update of EN/ISO standards for determination of sound power levels (influence of atmospheric parameters, determination of uncertainties)
- Correlation between emitted noise, real operating process and performance
- Effect of combined noise sources (more than one equipment on a single site)
- Noise emission and perception (C-weighting better than A-weighting?)
- Degradation of noise emission during the equipment life cycle
5.4 Working Group "Aeronautics"
The session about aeronautics was organised under the auspices of the X-Noise Network that overlooks the aircraft noise input to the larger effort currently performed by the Advisory Council for Aeronautics Research in Europe (ACARE) in the definition of its Strategic Research Agenda (SRA) for the 2005 - 2020 timeframe. To this end, X-Noise is pursuing the identification of main research topics supporting the development of a three-fold strategy, mirroring the ICAO "Balanced Approach" recommendation (Noise Reduction at Source, Noise Abatement Procedures, Tools / Practices allowing appropriate Management of Noise Impact). After a general presentation of the ACARE methodology and working ways in the plenary session, together with an overview of the German "Quiet Traffic" programme, the split session provided the opportunity to develop the basics of management of noise impact aspects as well as to prepare a summary status of the overall on-going effort to the final plenary session, This included a summary of the priorities and objectives (see Attachment 6.) together with a description of the roadmap concept that will allow
X-Noise to identify further the technical priorities and associated strategy of complementary projects for the 6th Framework Programme. The final and complete description of the detailed topics covered by the 3 different areas of noise reduction will be published as part of the ACARE SRA Volume 2 document to be released during the summer of 2002.Following this initial step, it is anticipated that the two networks will maintain regular contact, in view of identifying potential synergies between aircraft noise research and similar activities concerning road, rail and outdoor equipment.
6. Presentations
EC Introduction
AVL Introduction
END
Abatement 2
Cost & Benefit
Rail & Road
Aeronautics ACARE
Outdoor Equipment