Children are at high risk from noise pollution. Noise pollution from aircraft and road traffic has adverse effects on children's cognition and health. The effects include annoyance, stress-related psycho-physiological effects, impaired cognitive function, raised blood pressure and sleep. Knowledge is lacking for exposure-effect relationships for cognitive function and health, from road traffic noise, aircraft noise and combinations of these, and on the link between child health and total physical and social environments at school and home. This research project is based on varied and complementary expertise from observational and experimental sciences. It involves a partnership of scientific expertise from four European countries who in four large field studies and four in-depth studies will ensure cross-border replication of noise dose-response effects on cognition and health taking account of variation in noise exposure, in educational and living environments and social and cultural variation across Europe. This study will provide a robust evidence base for pan-European policies on noise, cognitive effects and health in children.